1 00:00:25,140 --> 00:00:28,020 this is a report on the United States 2 00:00:28,020 --> 00:00:28,030 this is a report on the United States 3 00:00:28,030 --> 00:00:33,510 this is a report on the United States space exploration of 1958 1958 has seen 4 00:00:33,510 --> 00:00:33,520 space exploration of 1958 1958 has seen 5 00:00:33,520 --> 00:00:36,000 space exploration of 1958 1958 has seen notable progress in the space effort of 6 00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:36,010 notable progress in the space effort of 7 00:00:36,010 --> 00:00:39,690 notable progress in the space effort of the United States why us satellites have 8 00:00:39,690 --> 00:00:39,700 the United States why us satellites have 9 00:00:39,700 --> 00:00:42,900 the United States why us satellites have gone into warming to space probes were 10 00:00:42,900 --> 00:00:42,910 gone into warming to space probes were 11 00:00:42,910 --> 00:00:45,990 gone into warming to space probes were launched burst in October travelled 12 00:00:45,990 --> 00:00:46,000 launched burst in October travelled 13 00:00:46,000 --> 00:00:50,490 launched burst in October travelled about 70 1300 miles and the second in 14 00:00:50,490 --> 00:00:50,500 about 70 1300 miles and the second in 15 00:00:50,500 --> 00:00:53,280 about 70 1300 miles and the second in December ascended sixty three thousand 16 00:00:53,280 --> 00:00:53,290 December ascended sixty three thousand 17 00:00:53,290 --> 00:00:55,080 December ascended sixty three thousand five hundred eighty miles above the 18 00:00:55,080 --> 00:00:55,090 five hundred eighty miles above the 19 00:00:55,090 --> 00:00:57,930 five hundred eighty miles above the earth here is the story of these 20 00:00:57,930 --> 00:00:57,940 earth here is the story of these 21 00:00:57,940 --> 00:01:04,540 earth here is the story of these historic contributions to science 22 00:01:04,540 --> 00:01:04,550 23 00:01:04,550 --> 00:01:08,110 on January 31st the United States Army 24 00:01:08,110 --> 00:01:08,120 on January 31st the United States Army 25 00:01:08,120 --> 00:01:10,810 on January 31st the United States Army was ready to launch a jupiter-c missile 26 00:01:10,810 --> 00:01:10,820 was ready to launch a jupiter-c missile 27 00:01:10,820 --> 00:01:15,700 was ready to launch a jupiter-c missile with a satellite payload 80 days before 28 00:01:15,700 --> 00:01:15,710 with a satellite payload 80 days before 29 00:01:15,710 --> 00:01:18,310 with a satellite payload 80 days before Clarence had been given to proceed with 30 00:01:18,310 --> 00:01:18,320 Clarence had been given to proceed with 31 00:01:18,320 --> 00:01:22,060 Clarence had been given to proceed with the launch the army selected the Jupiter 32 00:01:22,060 --> 00:01:22,070 the launch the army selected the Jupiter 33 00:01:22,070 --> 00:01:26,280 the launch the army selected the Jupiter see because of its proven reliability 34 00:01:26,280 --> 00:01:26,290 see because of its proven reliability 35 00:01:26,290 --> 00:01:29,530 see because of its proven reliability the California Institute of Technology's 36 00:01:29,530 --> 00:01:29,540 the California Institute of Technology's 37 00:01:29,540 --> 00:01:32,320 the California Institute of Technology's Jet Propulsion Laboratory now under 38 00:01:32,320 --> 00:01:32,330 Jet Propulsion Laboratory now under 39 00:01:32,330 --> 00:01:35,350 Jet Propulsion Laboratory now under contract to na sa designed and 40 00:01:35,350 --> 00:01:35,360 contract to na sa designed and 41 00:01:35,360 --> 00:01:38,260 contract to na sa designed and manufactured the advanced stages and the 42 00:01:38,260 --> 00:01:38,270 manufactured the advanced stages and the 43 00:01:38,270 --> 00:01:42,340 manufactured the advanced stages and the payload the payload transmitters would 44 00:01:42,340 --> 00:01:42,350 payload the payload transmitters would 45 00:01:42,350 --> 00:01:45,310 payload the payload transmitters would have an expected broadcast life of two 46 00:01:45,310 --> 00:01:45,320 have an expected broadcast life of two 47 00:01:45,320 --> 00:01:47,950 have an expected broadcast life of two weeks for the 60 milliwatt transmitter 48 00:01:47,950 --> 00:01:47,960 weeks for the 60 milliwatt transmitter 49 00:01:47,960 --> 00:01:50,680 weeks for the 60 milliwatt transmitter and two months for the one putting out 50 00:01:50,680 --> 00:01:50,690 and two months for the one putting out 51 00:01:50,690 --> 00:01:54,610 and two months for the one putting out ten milliwatts the payload measured 80 52 00:01:54,610 --> 00:01:54,620 ten milliwatts the payload measured 80 53 00:01:54,620 --> 00:01:58,090 ten milliwatts the payload measured 80 inches by 6 inches and weighed 30 and 54 00:01:58,090 --> 00:01:58,100 inches by 6 inches and weighed 30 and 55 00:01:58,100 --> 00:02:03,040 inches by 6 inches and weighed 30 and eight tenths pounds each component in 56 00:02:03,040 --> 00:02:03,050 eight tenths pounds each component in 57 00:02:03,050 --> 00:02:11,850 eight tenths pounds each component in the high-speed assembly was spin tested 58 00:02:11,850 --> 00:02:11,860 59 00:02:11,860 --> 00:02:15,100 it was thought that centrifugal force 60 00:02:15,100 --> 00:02:15,110 it was thought that centrifugal force 61 00:02:15,110 --> 00:02:17,649 it was thought that centrifugal force might distort the structure of the solid 62 00:02:17,649 --> 00:02:17,659 might distort the structure of the solid 63 00:02:17,659 --> 00:02:20,289 might distort the structure of the solid propellant within the high-speed rocket 64 00:02:20,289 --> 00:02:20,299 propellant within the high-speed rocket 65 00:02:20,299 --> 00:02:23,800 propellant within the high-speed rocket motor it too was subjected to spin 66 00:02:23,800 --> 00:02:23,810 motor it too was subjected to spin 67 00:02:23,810 --> 00:02:42,250 motor it too was subjected to spin testing 68 00:02:42,250 --> 00:02:42,260 69 00:02:42,260 --> 00:02:45,290 attention all personnel please clear the 70 00:02:45,290 --> 00:02:45,300 attention all personnel please clear the 71 00:02:45,300 --> 00:02:47,089 attention all personnel please clear the launching area for radio frequency 72 00:02:47,089 --> 00:02:47,099 launching area for radio frequency 73 00:02:47,099 --> 00:02:49,790 launching area for radio frequency interference status please clear the 74 00:02:49,790 --> 00:02:49,800 interference status please clear the 75 00:02:49,800 --> 00:02:57,080 interference status please clear the launching area this is rayne command 76 00:02:57,080 --> 00:02:57,090 launching area this is rayne command 77 00:02:57,090 --> 00:03:01,130 launching area this is rayne command transmitter on hello neuron frequency 78 00:03:01,130 --> 00:03:01,140 transmitter on hello neuron frequency 79 00:03:01,140 --> 00:03:07,570 transmitter on hello neuron frequency measures 2.5 low-calorie i drove a pond 80 00:03:07,570 --> 00:03:07,580 measures 2.5 low-calorie i drove a pond 81 00:03:07,580 --> 00:03:13,670 measures 2.5 low-calorie i drove a pond here all this projects demand the time 82 00:03:13,670 --> 00:03:13,680 here all this projects demand the time 83 00:03:13,680 --> 00:03:16,790 here all this projects demand the time is now ex-wife 33 minutes authorized 84 00:03:16,790 --> 00:03:16,800 is now ex-wife 33 minutes authorized 85 00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:19,729 is now ex-wife 33 minutes authorized personnel may resume work on that resume 86 00:03:19,729 --> 00:03:19,739 personnel may resume work on that resume 87 00:03:19,739 --> 00:03:40,840 personnel may resume work on that resume working all clear the water carries all 88 00:03:40,840 --> 00:03:40,850 working all clear the water carries all 89 00:03:40,850 --> 00:03:47,740 working all clear the water carries all clear the area the signal is 2.5 de lo 90 00:03:47,740 --> 00:03:47,750 clear the area the signal is 2.5 de lo 91 00:03:47,750 --> 00:03:50,990 clear the area the signal is 2.5 de lo channel one is now reset channel two is 92 00:03:50,990 --> 00:03:51,000 channel one is now reset channel two is 93 00:03:51,000 --> 00:03:55,280 channel one is now reset channel two is reset channel 3 is reset to figure 4 94 00:03:55,280 --> 00:03:55,290 reset channel 3 is reset to figure 4 95 00:03:55,290 --> 00:03:59,000 reset channel 3 is reset to figure 4 channel 1 is 4 30 channel 4 reset 96 00:03:59,000 --> 00:03:59,010 channel 1 is 4 30 channel 4 reset 97 00:03:59,010 --> 00:04:02,690 channel 1 is 4 30 channel 4 reset channel 5 this is project to land the 98 00:04:02,690 --> 00:04:02,700 channel 5 this is project to land the 99 00:04:02,700 --> 00:04:04,630 channel 5 this is project to land the time is nigh 100 00:04:04,630 --> 00:04:04,640 time is nigh 101 00:04:04,640 --> 00:04:07,880 time is nigh start vibration wrecker begins cluster 102 00:04:07,880 --> 00:04:07,890 start vibration wrecker begins cluster 103 00:04:07,890 --> 00:04:13,630 start vibration wrecker begins cluster run McCluster is starting its spin 104 00:04:13,630 --> 00:04:13,640 run McCluster is starting its spin 105 00:04:13,640 --> 00:04:15,950 run McCluster is starting its spin transmission of all payload electronics 106 00:04:15,950 --> 00:04:15,960 transmission of all payload electronics 107 00:04:15,960 --> 00:04:38,890 transmission of all payload electronics components is now being monitored 108 00:04:38,890 --> 00:04:38,900 109 00:04:38,900 --> 00:04:41,960 after the firing signal is given it will 110 00:04:41,960 --> 00:04:41,970 after the firing signal is given it will 111 00:04:41,970 --> 00:04:43,850 after the firing signal is given it will take almost 16 seconds for the vehicle 112 00:04:43,850 --> 00:04:43,860 take almost 16 seconds for the vehicle 113 00:04:43,860 --> 00:04:46,490 take almost 16 seconds for the vehicle to take off pressurization will be 114 00:04:46,490 --> 00:04:46,500 to take off pressurization will be 115 00:04:46,500 --> 00:04:49,940 to take off pressurization will be started at X plus 3 seconds at X plus 14 116 00:04:49,940 --> 00:04:49,950 started at X plus 3 seconds at X plus 14 117 00:04:49,950 --> 00:04:52,280 started at X plus 3 seconds at X plus 14 seconds ignition will begin trust 118 00:04:52,280 --> 00:04:52,290 seconds ignition will begin trust 119 00:04:52,290 --> 00:04:54,350 seconds ignition will begin trust build-up will continue until liftoff at 120 00:04:54,350 --> 00:04:54,360 build-up will continue until liftoff at 121 00:04:54,360 --> 00:05:10,700 build-up will continue until liftoff at about X plus 16 seconds firing a needle 122 00:05:10,700 --> 00:05:10,710 about X plus 16 seconds firing a needle 123 00:05:10,710 --> 00:05:14,840 about X plus 16 seconds firing a needle one piercing provider egg minus 30 124 00:05:14,840 --> 00:05:14,850 one piercing provider egg minus 30 125 00:05:14,850 --> 00:05:19,700 one piercing provider egg minus 30 seconds close baby circulated recordings 126 00:05:19,700 --> 00:05:19,710 seconds close baby circulated recordings 127 00:05:19,710 --> 00:05:27,140 seconds close baby circulated recordings on silent excellent ten nine eight seven 128 00:05:27,140 --> 00:05:27,150 on silent excellent ten nine eight seven 129 00:05:27,150 --> 00:05:35,620 on silent excellent ten nine eight seven six five four three two one zero 130 00:05:35,620 --> 00:05:35,630 six five four three two one zero 131 00:05:35,630 --> 00:05:58,960 six five four three two one zero preservation star x plus b 9 10 11 12 13 132 00:05:58,960 --> 00:05:58,970 133 00:05:58,970 --> 00:06:02,390 the launching was a success and the 134 00:06:02,390 --> 00:06:02,400 the launching was a success and the 135 00:06:02,400 --> 00:06:04,790 the launching was a success and the first United States satellite was named 136 00:06:04,790 --> 00:06:04,800 first United States satellite was named 137 00:06:04,800 --> 00:06:08,330 first United States satellite was named explorer 1 explorer 1 made the most 138 00:06:08,330 --> 00:06:08,340 explorer 1 explorer 1 made the most 139 00:06:08,340 --> 00:06:10,670 explorer 1 explorer 1 made the most important discovery of the International 140 00:06:10,670 --> 00:06:10,680 important discovery of the International 141 00:06:10,680 --> 00:06:13,940 important discovery of the International Geophysical Year the existence of a 142 00:06:13,940 --> 00:06:13,950 Geophysical Year the existence of a 143 00:06:13,950 --> 00:06:17,030 Geophysical Year the existence of a great belt of radiation identified by 144 00:06:17,030 --> 00:06:17,040 great belt of radiation identified by 145 00:06:17,040 --> 00:06:19,940 great belt of radiation identified by dr. James a van allen head of the State 146 00:06:19,940 --> 00:06:19,950 dr. James a van allen head of the State 147 00:06:19,950 --> 00:06:25,580 dr. James a van allen head of the State University of Iowa physics department on 148 00:06:25,580 --> 00:06:25,590 University of Iowa physics department on 149 00:06:25,590 --> 00:06:29,000 University of Iowa physics department on March seventeenth st. Patrick's Day dr. 150 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:29,010 March seventeenth st. Patrick's Day dr. 151 00:06:29,010 --> 00:06:31,040 March seventeenth st. Patrick's Day dr. john p hagen of the Naval Research 152 00:06:31,040 --> 00:06:31,050 john p hagen of the Naval Research 153 00:06:31,050 --> 00:06:34,159 john p hagen of the Naval Research Laboratory announced that Vanguard was 154 00:06:34,159 --> 00:06:34,169 Laboratory announced that Vanguard was 155 00:06:34,169 --> 00:06:36,140 Laboratory announced that Vanguard was poised and ready to launch from the 156 00:06:36,140 --> 00:06:36,150 poised and ready to launch from the 157 00:06:36,150 --> 00:06:40,000 poised and ready to launch from the Atlantic Missile Range Cape Canaveral 158 00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:40,010 Atlantic Missile Range Cape Canaveral 159 00:06:40,010 --> 00:06:43,190 Atlantic Missile Range Cape Canaveral vanguard 1 and earth satellite was 160 00:06:43,190 --> 00:06:43,200 vanguard 1 and earth satellite was 161 00:06:43,200 --> 00:06:46,310 vanguard 1 and earth satellite was placed into orbit with a perigee of 409 162 00:06:46,310 --> 00:06:46,320 placed into orbit with a perigee of 409 163 00:06:46,320 --> 00:06:48,560 placed into orbit with a perigee of 409 miles as its closest approach to the 164 00:06:48,560 --> 00:06:48,570 miles as its closest approach to the 165 00:06:48,570 --> 00:06:53,300 miles as its closest approach to the earth and an apogee of 2453 miles from 166 00:06:53,300 --> 00:06:53,310 earth and an apogee of 2453 miles from 167 00:06:53,310 --> 00:06:56,480 earth and an apogee of 2453 miles from the earth it is expected to stay in 168 00:06:56,480 --> 00:06:56,490 the earth it is expected to stay in 169 00:06:56,490 --> 00:06:59,300 the earth it is expected to stay in orbit for hundreds of years it's solar 170 00:06:59,300 --> 00:06:59,310 orbit for hundreds of years it's solar 171 00:06:59,310 --> 00:07:02,000 orbit for hundreds of years it's solar batteries will power transmitters which 172 00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:02,010 batteries will power transmitters which 173 00:07:02,010 --> 00:07:04,460 batteries will power transmitters which will give information to generations of 174 00:07:04,460 --> 00:07:04,470 will give information to generations of 175 00:07:04,470 --> 00:07:07,270 will give information to generations of scientists of the world community 176 00:07:07,270 --> 00:07:07,280 scientists of the world community 177 00:07:07,280 --> 00:07:10,430 scientists of the world community information gained from Vanguard one has 178 00:07:10,430 --> 00:07:10,440 information gained from Vanguard one has 179 00:07:10,440 --> 00:07:13,159 information gained from Vanguard one has enabled us to determine the true shape 180 00:07:13,159 --> 00:07:13,169 enabled us to determine the true shape 181 00:07:13,169 --> 00:07:19,800 enabled us to determine the true shape of our earth it is slightly pear-shaped 182 00:07:19,800 --> 00:07:19,810 183 00:07:19,810 --> 00:07:23,260 Explorer 3 launched nine days after 184 00:07:23,260 --> 00:07:23,270 Explorer 3 launched nine days after 185 00:07:23,270 --> 00:07:27,340 Explorer 3 launched nine days after vanguard one achieved orbit and yielded 186 00:07:27,340 --> 00:07:27,350 vanguard one achieved orbit and yielded 187 00:07:27,350 --> 00:07:29,680 vanguard one achieved orbit and yielded valuable data on the radiation belt 188 00:07:29,680 --> 00:07:29,690 valuable data on the radiation belt 189 00:07:29,690 --> 00:07:33,130 valuable data on the radiation belt discovered by Explorer 1 it recorded 190 00:07:33,130 --> 00:07:33,140 discovered by Explorer 1 it recorded 191 00:07:33,140 --> 00:07:36,040 discovered by Explorer 1 it recorded micro meteor impact which gave 192 00:07:36,040 --> 00:07:36,050 micro meteor impact which gave 193 00:07:36,050 --> 00:07:38,500 micro meteor impact which gave information about the density of cosmic 194 00:07:38,500 --> 00:07:38,510 information about the density of cosmic 195 00:07:38,510 --> 00:07:41,800 information about the density of cosmic dust and it recorded internal and 196 00:07:41,800 --> 00:07:41,810 dust and it recorded internal and 197 00:07:41,810 --> 00:07:45,810 dust and it recorded internal and external temperatures of the satellite 198 00:07:45,810 --> 00:07:45,820 external temperatures of the satellite 199 00:07:45,820 --> 00:07:49,120 external temperatures of the satellite the next United States success in space 200 00:07:49,120 --> 00:07:49,130 the next United States success in space 201 00:07:49,130 --> 00:07:51,730 the next United States success in space came with the launching into orbit of 202 00:07:51,730 --> 00:07:51,740 came with the launching into orbit of 203 00:07:51,740 --> 00:07:58,030 came with the launching into orbit of explorer for on July 26 1958 as a 204 00:07:58,030 --> 00:07:58,040 explorer for on July 26 1958 as a 205 00:07:58,040 --> 00:08:00,940 explorer for on July 26 1958 as a scientific experiment it confirmed and 206 00:08:00,940 --> 00:08:00,950 scientific experiment it confirmed and 207 00:08:00,950 --> 00:08:03,310 scientific experiment it confirmed and expanded the data on radiation and 208 00:08:03,310 --> 00:08:03,320 expanded the data on radiation and 209 00:08:03,320 --> 00:08:06,030 expanded the data on radiation and temperatures discovered by satellite 210 00:08:06,030 --> 00:08:06,040 temperatures discovered by satellite 211 00:08:06,040 --> 00:08:12,460 temperatures discovered by satellite explorer 1 and 3 on March 27 the 212 00:08:12,460 --> 00:08:12,470 explorer 1 and 3 on March 27 the 213 00:08:12,470 --> 00:08:14,910 explorer 1 and 3 on March 27 the Advanced Research Project agency 214 00:08:14,910 --> 00:08:14,920 Advanced Research Project agency 215 00:08:14,920 --> 00:08:17,200 Advanced Research Project agency directed the space technology 216 00:08:17,200 --> 00:08:17,210 directed the space technology 217 00:08:17,210 --> 00:08:19,750 directed the space technology laboratories to proceed with a series of 218 00:08:19,750 --> 00:08:19,760 laboratories to proceed with a series of 219 00:08:19,760 --> 00:08:24,430 laboratories to proceed with a series of lunar probes the payload was designed so 220 00:08:24,430 --> 00:08:24,440 lunar probes the payload was designed so 221 00:08:24,440 --> 00:08:26,530 lunar probes the payload was designed so that its electrical system would have 222 00:08:26,530 --> 00:08:26,540 that its electrical system would have 223 00:08:26,540 --> 00:08:32,830 that its electrical system would have maximum possible life the experiments 224 00:08:32,830 --> 00:08:32,840 maximum possible life the experiments 225 00:08:32,840 --> 00:08:35,440 maximum possible life the experiments aside from an electric scanner would 226 00:08:35,440 --> 00:08:35,450 aside from an electric scanner would 227 00:08:35,450 --> 00:08:38,320 aside from an electric scanner would measure radiation magnetic fields of 228 00:08:38,320 --> 00:08:38,330 measure radiation magnetic fields of 229 00:08:38,330 --> 00:08:41,740 measure radiation magnetic fields of Earth and Moon density of micro meteoric 230 00:08:41,740 --> 00:08:41,750 Earth and Moon density of micro meteoric 231 00:08:41,750 --> 00:08:47,200 Earth and Moon density of micro meteoric matter and internal temperatures these 232 00:08:47,200 --> 00:08:47,210 matter and internal temperatures these 233 00:08:47,210 --> 00:08:49,750 matter and internal temperatures these probes would use hardware developed for 234 00:08:49,750 --> 00:08:49,760 probes would use hardware developed for 235 00:08:49,760 --> 00:08:51,880 probes would use hardware developed for the Air Force ballistic missile division 236 00:08:51,880 --> 00:08:51,890 the Air Force ballistic missile division 237 00:08:51,890 --> 00:08:56,950 the Air Force ballistic missile division as advanced re-entry vehicles the first 238 00:08:56,950 --> 00:08:56,960 as advanced re-entry vehicles the first 239 00:08:56,960 --> 00:09:00,720 as advanced re-entry vehicles the first stage for develops a sea-level thrust of 240 00:09:00,720 --> 00:09:00,730 stage for develops a sea-level thrust of 241 00:09:00,730 --> 00:09:03,019 stage for develops a sea-level thrust of 150,000 pounds 242 00:09:03,019 --> 00:09:03,029 150,000 pounds 243 00:09:03,029 --> 00:09:07,500 150,000 pounds to vernier engines rated at 1,000 pounds 244 00:09:07,500 --> 00:09:07,510 to vernier engines rated at 1,000 pounds 245 00:09:07,510 --> 00:09:11,340 to vernier engines rated at 1,000 pounds of thrust provide roll control and final 246 00:09:11,340 --> 00:09:11,350 of thrust provide roll control and final 247 00:09:11,350 --> 00:09:16,079 of thrust provide roll control and final adjustment of burnout velocity the 248 00:09:16,079 --> 00:09:16,089 adjustment of burnout velocity the 249 00:09:16,089 --> 00:09:18,570 adjustment of burnout velocity the second stage was a modified Vanguard 250 00:09:18,570 --> 00:09:18,580 second stage was a modified Vanguard 251 00:09:18,580 --> 00:09:20,880 second stage was a modified Vanguard second stage with a gimballed 252 00:09:20,880 --> 00:09:20,890 second stage with a gimballed 253 00:09:20,890 --> 00:09:24,740 second stage with a gimballed regenerative lee cooled thrust chamber 254 00:09:24,740 --> 00:09:24,750 regenerative lee cooled thrust chamber 255 00:09:24,750 --> 00:09:28,019 regenerative lee cooled thrust chamber it had roll control and a separation 256 00:09:28,019 --> 00:09:28,029 it had roll control and a separation 257 00:09:28,029 --> 00:09:30,569 it had roll control and a separation system for detachment from the first and 258 00:09:30,569 --> 00:09:30,579 system for detachment from the first and 259 00:09:30,579 --> 00:09:33,329 system for detachment from the first and third stages